Alloys of aluminum sheet plate
Aluminum plate refers to a rectangular plate rolled by aluminum ingots. It is divided into pure aluminum plate, แผ่นอลูมิเนียมอัลลอยด์.
- High-purity aluminum sheet (rolled from high-purity aluminum with a content of 99.9 หรือมากกว่า)
- Pure aluminum plate (the composition is basically rolled from pure aluminum)
- Alloy aluminum plate (composed of aluminum and auxiliary alloys, usually aluminum-copper, aluminum-manganese, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-magnesium, ฯลฯ)
According to the alloy series, สามารถแบ่งออกเป็น
1 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: Containing more than 99.00% อลูมิเนียม, การนำไฟฟ้าที่ดี, ทนต่อการกัดกร่อนได้ดี, ประสิทธิภาพการเชื่อมที่ดี, low strength, not heat treatable to strengthen.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: Chemical industry and special applications. Chemical equipment (1060), industrial installations and storage containers (1100)
2 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
Characteristics: Aluminum alloy containing copper as the main combined element. แมงกานีส, แมกนีเซียม, lead and bismuth are also added for machinability. Disadvantages: serious tendency of intergranular corrosion.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: Aerospace industry (2014 โลหะผสม), screws (2011 โลหะผสม) and industries with high operating temperatures (2017 โลหะผสม).
3 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: Aluminum alloy with manganese as the main alloy element, not heat treatable to strengthen, ทนต่อการกัดกร่อนได้ดี, ประสิทธิภาพการเชื่อมที่ดี, ปั้นดี. Disadvantages: low strength, but can be strengthened by cold working hardening, easy to produce coarse grains when annealed.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: Air conditioners, ตู้เย็น, underbody of cars and other shells that need to be rust-proof, seamless tubes for oil guide used in airplanes (3003 โลหะผสม), easy-to-open cans (3004 โลหะผสม).
4 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: Silicon based, not a commonly used aluminum alloy. Some of the 4 series can be strengthened by heat treatment, but some of them cannot be heat treated.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: Construction materials, ชิ้นส่วนเครื่องจักรกล, forging materials, welding materials;
5 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: Magnesium is the main material. Good resistance, ประสิทธิภาพการเชื่อมที่ดี, good fatigue strength, ไม่สามารถอบร้อนให้แข็งแรงได้, only cold processing to improve the strength.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: In aviation, เช่น ถังน้ำมันเครื่องบิน, ducts, bulletproof vests.
6 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: Magnesium and silicon based. Mg2Si is the main strengthening, medium strength, ทนต่อการกัดกร่อนได้ดี, ประสิทธิภาพการเชื่อมที่ดี, good process performance (easy extrusion out of the shape) oxidation coloring performance. It is a relatively widely used alloy.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: transportation tools (เช่น: car luggage rack, ประตู, หน้าต่าง, body, heat sink, between the box shell)
7 แผ่นอลูมิเนียมซีรีส์
คุณสมบัติ: zinc-based, but sometimes a small amount of magnesium and copper are added. One of the super hard aluminum alloys is the one containing zinc, ตะกั่ว, magnesium and copper alloy close to the hardness of steel. The extrusion speed is slower than 6-series alloy, and the welding performance is good.
แอพพลิเคชั่น: In aviation (load-bearing components of aircraft, landing gear), rockets, ใบพัด, airships.
Temper of aluminum sheet plate
The basic condition of aluminum alloy plate is divided into 5 kinds, each is F, อ, H, ต, W. These 5 kinds of condition means 5 kinds of process treatment and link of aluminum alloy plate, and the characteristics and price of aluminum alloy plate in different condition will have quite a big difference.
F is the free temper, no restriction on the temper of aluminum plate, it is applicable to the products with no special requirements for the process hardening and heat treatment conditions in the forming process, and the mechanical properties of the products in this temper are not specified.
O is the annealed temper, นั่นคือ, the full soft temper, applicable to the processing of products with lower strength obtained by complete annealing. Annealing temperatures of 400° or more are generally required.
H is the work-hardened temper, followed by a number indicating what kind of work-hardening and the degree of hardness and softness, applicable to products with increased strength through work-hardening, the product can be processed after hardening (or not) to reduce the strength of additional heat treatment. The number following the H is the required hardness parameter.
The meaning of the number following the H temper
- The first number after H is 1, which is a purely work-hardened temper.
- The first digit of H temper is 2, which is incomplete annealing.
- The first digit of the H temper is 3, which is a work-hardening stabilized treatment.
- The first digit of H heel is 4, which is work-hardened paint treatment.
Hxx The second digit on the heel of the H. The larger the number, the higher the hardness.
- Hx1 1/8 hardness
- Hx2 2/8 hardness
- Hx3 3/8 hardness
- Hx4 4/8 hardness
- Hx5 5/8 hardness
- Hx6 6/8 hardness
- Hx7 7/8 hardness
- Hx8 8/8 hardness
- Hx9 extra hard
Hxxx H followed by the third digit, is a special temper
- Hxx1 The lowest hardness, not as hard as H11
- Hxx2 processing and molding, no special performance requirements
- Hxx3 is generally a magnesium (มก) content is relatively high (Mg ≥ 4%) โลหะผสม, such as the 5 ชุด.
W solid solution heat treatment temper, an unstable temper, only for the solution heat treatment, natural aging of the alloy at room temperature, the temper code only indicates that the product is in the natural aging stage.
T heat treatment temper (different from F, อ, and H tempers ) applies to products stabilized after heat treatment, with or without work hardening. The numbers followed by T are the different tempers of processing.
The meaning of the temper of T-temper and the process
T0 solid solution treatment + natural aging + cold deformation
บันทึก:
- Solid solution treatment: แข็ง – heating – hot rolling (plate rolling, bar rolling, ฯลฯ)
- Cold deformation: straightening and the like
T1 hot work + natural aging
T2 hot work + cold deformation + natural aging
T3 solid solution treatment + cold deformation + natural aging
T4 solid solution treatment + natural aging
T5 Hot working + artificial aging
T6 Solid solution treatment + artificial aging
T7 solid solution treatment + over-aging
บันทึก: Over-aging is a kind of artificial aging, more than the temperature of insulation, more than the time of insulation, the performance changes, it is necessary to re-temperature re-aging, the cost becomes high.
The degree of over-aging is divided into
- over-aging 1 temper T73
- Over-aging 2 temper T74
- Over-aging3 temper T76
T8 Solid solution treatment + cold deformation + artificial aging
T9 Solid solution treatment + artificial aging + cold deformation
T10 Hot working + cold deformation + artificial aging
1/3/5 series alloys without heat treatment process, all without T-temper. f-temper and H112 in the national standard mechanical properties are not required. (Mechanical properties include strength, hardness, ความแข็งแรงของผลผลิต, แรงดึง, elongation, ฯลฯ)
One more process is added, and the cost becomes higher. Cold deformation needs to be done manually, and the labor cost becomes invisible higher.
The temperature of manual aging is high. Natural aging is room temperature. The annealing temperature needs to be 400° or higher. Quenching temperature is above 100°.
Applications of aluminum sheet plate
- Illumination and lighting
- Solar reflection sheet
- Architectural appearance
- Interior decoration: เพดาน, wall, ฯลฯ.
- Furniture, ตู้
- Elevators
- Signs, inscriptions, Brands, bags and bags
- Car interior and exterior decoration
- Interior decorations: such as photo frames
- Household appliances: ตู้เย็น, เตาอบไมโครเวฟ, เครื่องเสียง, ฯลฯ.
- Aerospace and military aspects, such as China’s large aircraft manufacturing, Shenzhou spacecraft series, satellites, ฯลฯ. .
- Mechanical parts processing
- Mold manufacturing
- Chemical / insulation pipe coating.
- High-quality ship board
